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Keyboard shortcuts, hotkeys, and special keys (Windows)
Universal Shortcuts
Many keyboard shortcuts are universally functional across Windows programs. Take the classic Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V for copying and pasting—they perform seamlessly whether you’re managing files in File Explorer, editing text in Word, organizing data in Excel, designing in Photoshop or AutoCAD, or browsing the web. These combinations function seamlessly because they’re standardized, cutting repetitive tasks down to a swift two-key action. By integrating these universal commands, Windows boosts efficiency, allowing users to execute common actions instantly in nearly any software.”
This version emphasizes standardization, cross-application utility, and efficiency while maintaining clarity and varying sentence structure.
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| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + A | Select All |
| Ctrl + X | Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard |
| Ctrl + C | Copy the selection and store it in the clipboard |
| Ctrl + V | Paste the contents of the clipboard at the cursor |
| F5 | Refresh a webpage or folder’s contents |
| Ctrl + S | Save a document, webpage or file |
| Ctrl + F | Find |
| Ctrl + P | |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo the last operation |
| Ctrl + Y | Redo the last operation |
| Ctrl + +/- | Zoom in and out |
| Ctrl + 0 | Zoom to 100% |
| Ctrl + N | New document or internet session |
| Ctrl + O | Open a file or document |
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Formatting Shortcuts
These shortcuts can help you quickly format text no matter what application you’re writing in.
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + B | Bold |
| Ctrl + U | Underline |
| Ctrl + I | Italics |
| Ctrl + Shift + A | Change text to uppercase/lowercase |
| Win + . | Access emoji keyboard |
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Internet Browsing Shortcuts
Mouse browsing is fast, but keyboard shortcuts can be faster. A quick keystroke often beats multiple clicks, making web navigation smoother.
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + T | Open new tab |
| Ctrl + W | Close active tab |
| Ctrl + Shift + T | Reopen a recently closed tab |
| Ctrl + Tab | Go to the next tab |
| Ctrl + Shift + N | Open a new private browsing window |
| Ctrl + D | Save the page as a Bookmark |
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Desktop Experience Shortcuts
These shortcut combinations can help you control your computer, and your desktop environment, with ease.
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Win | Launch Start Menu |
| Win + D | Show your desktop |
| Win + L | Lock your computer |
| Win + Right Arrow | Resize the window to half of the display and snap it right |
| Win + Left Arrow | Resize the window to half of the display and snap it left |
| Win + M | Minimise all windows |
| Alt + Tab | Show all open applications |
| Alt + F4 | Close the focused window |
| F11 | Switch fullscreen/normal size |
| Win + T | Switch between apps in the taskbar |
| F2 | Rename object |
| Win + P | Opens the external display options menu |
| Ctrl + Win + C | Accessibility/Ease of access settings |
| Ctrl + Alt + Del | Opens the quick menu giving access to lock, switch user, sign out, change your password or open the task manager |
| Win + H | Dictate instead of typing text |
| Win + V | Access clipboard library (you’ll need to press this once to enable this function before it will work permanently) |
| Win + Shift + S | Access Snipping tool |
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Capturing Screenshots Shortcuts
If you need to capture a picture or a video of either your whole screen or just a portion of it these commands will help you achieve that.Â
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Prt Sc | Opens the Snipping Tool menu |
| Win + Prtscn | Save a screenshot of all screens to the screenshots folder |
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Windows 11 Shortcuts
New shortcuts are introduced with each iteration of Microsoft’s Windows operating system. Below is a list of useful shortcuts specific to Windows 11.
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
|---|---|
| Win + C | Open Copilot |
| Win + S | Open Search |
| Win + I | Open Windows settings |
| Win + A | Open Quick Settings |
| Win + W | Open Widgets. |
| Win + Z | Shows window snapping options |
After reading through these selected shortcuts, it is clear to see how keyboard shortcuts can save you time.
Top 50 MS Word Shortcuts to Save Time
Let’s now look at the most handy shortcuts in Word, divided into five broad categories.Â
Basic shortcuts
| Action | Windows/Chrome OS shortcuts | Mac shortcut | What it does |
| Create a new document | Ctrl + N | Command + N | Opens a new blank document |
| Open an existing document | Ctrl + O | Command + O | Opens a dialog box to select a document to open |
| Save the current document | Ctrl + S | Command + S | Saves the current document |
| Close the current document | Ctrl + W | Command + W | Closes the active document |
| Undo the last action | Ctrl + Z | Command + Z | Reverses the most recent action |
| Redo the last undone action | Ctrl + Y | Shift + Command + Z | Reverses the last undone action |
| Select all text | Ctrl + A | Command + A | Selects all the text in the document |
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Shortcuts for navigation
| Action | Windows/Chrome OS shortcuts | Mac shortcut | What it does |
| Go to the beginning of the document | Ctrl + Home | Command + Fn+ Left arrow | Jumps to the beginning of the document |
| End of the document | Ctrl + End | Command + Fn+ Right arrow | Jumps to the end of the document |
| Beginning of the line | Home | Command + Left arrow | Jumps to the beginning of the current line |
| End of the line | End | Command + Right arrow | Jumps to the end of the current line |
| Go to the next page | Page Down | Command + Page Down | Moves to the next page |
| Previous page | Page Up | Command + Page Up | Moves to the previous page |
| Zoom in | Ctrl + > or Ctrl + ] | Command+ | Zooms in on the document |
| Zoom out | Ctrl + < or Ctrl + [ | Command+- | Zooms out on the document |
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Shortcuts for editing text
| Action | Windows/Chrome OS shortcuts | Mac shortcut | What it does |
| Cut selected text | Ctrl + X | Command + X | Removes the selected text and copies it to the clipboard |
| Copy selected text | Ctrl + C | Command + C | Copies the selected text to the clipboard |
| Paste from clipboard | Ctrl + V | Command + V | Pastes the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor position |
| Insert a hyperlink | Ctrl + K | Command + K | Opens the Insert Hyperlink dialog box |
| Remove formatting | Ctrl + Shift + N | Command + Shift + N | Removes all formatting from the selected text |
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Shortcuts for formatting text
| Action | Windows/Chrome OS shortcuts | Mac shortcut | What it does |
| Bold selected text | Ctrl + B | Command + B | Applies bold formatting to the selected text |
| Italicize selected text | Ctrl + I | Command + I | Applies italic formatting to the selected text |
| Underline selected text | Ctrl + U | Command + U | Applies underline formatting to the selected text |
| Align text to the left | Ctrl + L | Command + L | Aligns the selected text to the left margin |
| Align text to the center | Ctrl + E | Command + E | Centers the selected text horizontally |
| Align text to the right | Ctrl + R | Command + R | Aligns the selected text to the right margin |
| Increase font size | Ctrl + > or Ctrl + ] | Command + > | Increases the font size of the selected text |
| Decrease font size | Ctrl + < or Ctrl + [ | Command + < | Decreases the font size of the selected text |
| Change font color | Ctrl + Shift + F | Command + Shift + C | Opens the Font dialog box to change the font color |
| Change font | Ctrl + D | Command + D | Opens the Font dialog box to change the font style |
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Shortcuts for working with tables in Word
| Action | Windows/Chrome OS shortcuts | Mac shortcut | What it does |
| Create a table | Ctrl + Shift + T | Command + Shift + T | Inserts a table with the specified number of rows and columns |
| Insert a row | Ctrl + Shift + I | Command + Shift + I | Inserts a row above the selected row |
| Insert a column | Ctrl + Shift + C | Command + Shift + C | Inserts a column to the left of the selected column |
| Delete a row | Ctrl + Shift + – | Command + Shift + Delete | Deletes the selected row |
| Delete a column | Ctrl + Shift + Delete | Command + Shift + Right Arrow | Deletes the selected column |
| Merge cells | Ctrl + Shift + M | Command + Shift + M | Merges the selected cells in a table |
| Split cells | Ctrl + Shift + S | Command + Shift + S | Splits the selected cells in a table |
| Sort table | Ctrl + Shift + S | Command + Shift + S | Sorts the selected table by the specified column |
| Filter table | Ctrl + Shift + L | Command + Shift + L | Filters the selected table based on specific criteria |
 Pro Tip: Read these simple Microsoft Word hacks to optimize your work further.
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Top 50 Excel Shortcuts to Save Time
Excel has hundreds of shortcuts, but we’ve handpicked the top 50 that are most commonly used in the workplace. To make things easier, we’ve grouped them by function, like navigating spreadsheets, workbook shortcuts, and formatting cells.
Here are the top 50 Excel shortcuts to save time:
1. Spreadsheet navigation
In this category, we’ll explore shortcuts that let you navigate your spreadsheet entirely without a mouse. These are especially handy when you’re dealing with large or complex spreadsheets.
| Sr. No. | Description | Keyboard shortcuts |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | To move to the next cell | Tab |
| 2. | To move to the previous cell | Shift + Tab |
| 3. | To move one cell down | Enter |
| 4. | To move one cell up | Up arrow key |
| 5. | To extend the selection of cells by one cell in that direction | Shift + Directional Arrow key (Up, Down, Right, or Left) |
| 6. | To move to the last cell used in that direction | Ctrl + Directional Arrow key (Up, Down, Right, or Left) |
| 7. | To move to the last used cell on a spreadsheet | Ctrl + End |
| 8. | To move to the first cell on a spreadsheet | Ctrl + Home |
| 9. | To select the entire column | Ctrl + Space |
| 10. | To select the entire row | Shift + Space |
| 11. | To select all the used cells in that direction | Ctrl + Shift + Directional arrow key (Up, Down, Right, or Left) |
| 12. | To extend the selection from the active cell to the last used cell on a spreadsheet | Ctrl + Shift + End |
| 13. | To extend the selection from the active cell to the first used cell on a spreadsheet | Ctrl + Shift + Home |
| 14. | To select the entire spreadsheet | Ctrl + Shift + Spacebar |
| 15. | To move to the next sheet | Ctrl + PageDown |
| 16. | To move to the previous sheet | Ctrl + PageUP |
| 17. | To move one screen down in a current sheet | Page Down |
| 18. | To move one screen up in a current sheet | Page Up |
| 19. | To move one screen left in a current sheet | Alt + Page Down |
| 20. | To move one screen right in a current sheet | Alt + Page Up |
Pro Tip:Â Use the Mac shortcuts: Command + Shift + $ for quick currency formatting on a Mac. This will instantly format your selected cells as currency in Excel, streamlining your workflow and keeping your financial data organized.
2. Workbook actions
In this category, we’ll cover Excel shortcuts for opening, closing, saving, and other essential actions you perform with a workbook.
| Sr. No. | Description | Keyboard Shortcuts |
|---|---|---|
| 21. | To create a new workbook | Ctrl + N |
| 22. | To save a workbook | Ctrl + S |
| 23. | To close a current workbook | Ctrl + W |
| 24. | To open an existing workbook | Ctrl + O |
| 25. | To close Excel | Ctrl + F4 |
| 26. | To open the File menu | Alt + F |
| 27. | To go to the Home tab | Alt + H |
| 28. | To go to the Insert tab | Alt + N |
| 29. | To go to the Page Layout | Alt + P |
| 30. | To go to the Formulas tab | Alt + M |
| 31. | To go to the Data tab | Alt + A |
| 32. | To go to the Review tab | Alt + R |
| 33. | To go to the View tab | Alt + W |
3. Quick cell actions
Here, we’ll dive into Excel shortcuts that let you quickly perform actions directly on your worksheet.
| Sr. No. | Description | Keyboard Shortcuts |
|---|---|---|
| 34. | To copy a cell selection in the worksheet | Ctrl + C |
| 35. | To paste a cell selection in the worksheet | Ctrl + V |
| 36. | To cut a cell selection in the worksheet | Ctrl + X |
| 37. | To undo a recent action in the worksheet | Ctrl + Z |
| 38. | To redo a recent action in the worksheet | Ctrl + Y |
| 39. | To open the context menu of a cell | Shift + F10 |
| 40. | To insert a function | Shift + F3 |
| 41. | To add a comment in a cell | Shift + F2 |
| 42. | To open the Delete dialog box | Ctrl + Minus sign |
| 43. | To open the Insert dialog box | Ctrl + Plus sign |
| 44. | To create, delete, or rename a table | Ctrl + T, Ctrl + D, or Ctrl + R |
| 45. | To add hyperlink | Ctrl + K |
| 46. | To italicize text or remove italic formatting | Ctrl + I or Ctrl + 3 |
| 47. | To apply bold text or remove bold formatting | Ctrl + B or Ctrl + 2 |
| 48. | To underline text or remove underlined formatting | Ctrl + U or Ctrl + F4 |
| 49. | To fill color | Alt + H + H |
| 50. | To check spelling in the active worksheet | F7 |
 Pro Tip: Make Excel reporting more organized by using named ranges. Named ranges make it easier to refer to specific data ranges in your formulas, simplifying your spreadsheet management and making formulas easier to understand.